Rio de Janeiro on Monday has declared a public health emergency because of an outbreak of mosquito-
borne dengue fever, the city announced Monday, just days before Carnival celebrations kick off across
Brazil.
The outbreak wasn’t expected to derail Carnival, which officially starts Friday evening and runs until Feb.
14, but it has prompted a slew of special measures by the city in hopes of containing the illness.
Rio city hall announced the opening of 10 care centers, the creation of an emergency operations center
and the allocation of hospital beds for dengue patients. Authorities also will use “smoke cars” in regions
with the highest incidence of cases, diffusing an insecticide in the air.
Since the beginning of 2024, the municipality has registered more than 10,000 dengue cases. That is just
under half of the total cases — 23,000 — recorded throughout all of 2023.
The announcement comes as tourists and revelers are pouring into Rio to take part in street parties and
attend the samba schools’ flamboyant parades.
Among Rio state’s operational plans for Carnival, presented by Gov. Cláudio Castro on Monday, is the
“Against Dengue Every Day” campaign. That will entail the distribution of repellents, stickers, bandanas
and hats with warnings about the disease to audiences at the Sambadrome, where a 15-second notice
about the fight against the infection also will be shown.
Dengue is a viral infection transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes and is more
common in tropical climates. Frequent rains and high temperatures, which accelerate the hatching of
mosquito eggs and the development of larvae, make the famously hot city of Rio susceptible to dengue
outbreaks.
But the problem is national. The explosion of dengue cases across Brazil has caused at least four states
— Acre, Minas Gerais and Goias, in addition to the Federal District — to declare public health
emergencies.
On Monday, the Brazilian air force set up a 60-bed field hospital in the Federal District in Ceilandia that
was due to begin treating patients.
Most people who get dengue don’t develop symptoms, but if they do these can include high fever,
headache, body aches, nausea and a rash, according to the World Health Organization. While most get

better after a week or so, some develop a severe form and require hospitalization. In such cases, dengue
can be fatal.